In a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Season the chicken breasts with salt, pepper, and Italian seasoning. Add them to the skillet and cook for about 5-7 minutes on each side, or until fully cooked. Remove the chicken from the skillet and let it rest for a few minutes before slicing it into strips.
In the same skillet, add the minced garlic and sauté for about 30 seconds until fragrant. Then add the halved cherry tomatoes and cook for about 3-4 minutes until they start to soften.
Stir in the fresh spinach, and allow it to wilt for a minute. Next, pour in the heavy cream and chicken broth, mixing thoroughly. Bring the mixture to a gentle simmer.
Add the penne pasta directly into the skillet, making sure it is submerged in the sauce. Cook according to package instructions (usually about 10-12 minutes), stirring occasionally until the pasta is al dente and has absorbed some of the sauce.
Once the pasta is cooked, stir in the sliced chicken, grated Parmesan cheese, and lemon juice. Mix everything together until combined and creamy. Adjust salt and pepper to taste.
Remove from heat and garnish with fresh basil. Serve the pasta warm, and enjoy your delicious, one-pan meal!