Cook the spaghetti: In a large pot, bring salted water to a boil. Cook the spaghetti according to package instructions until al dente. Reserve 1 cup of pasta water, then drain the rest and set aside.
Add the heat: Stir in the red pepper flakes and cook for an additional 30 seconds to infuse the oil with their spiciness.
Combine with pasta: Add the drained spaghetti directly into the skillet with the garlic oil mixture. Carefully toss to coat the spaghetti evenly with the oil.
Incorporate herbs and zest: Add the chopped parsley, basil, lemon zest, and lemon juice to the pasta. Toss well, adding reserved pasta water a little at a time, until the desired creaminess is reached.
Season: Taste and season with salt and freshly cracked black pepper to your liking.
Serve: Divide the spaghetti among plates or serve family-style. Optionally, sprinkle with grated Parmesan cheese for an extra layer of flavor.
Notes
Adjust red pepper flakes to taste for spice level.